Table 2 Comparison of phytochemical profile from TI sample obtained in February 2018 and extracted using cold versus hot water traditional extraction methods
From: Season, storage and extraction method impact on the phytochemical profile of Terminalia ivorensis
Phytochemical class | Phytochemical metabolites | Hot water (ng/mg) | Hot water relative abundance (%) | Cold water (ng/mg) | Cold water relative abundance (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acetophenones | 3,4,5-Trimethoxyacetophenone | 1.8 ± 0.4 | 0.00 | 6.5 ± 1.8*** | 0.01 |
|  | 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone | 6.8 ± 1.7 | 0.01 | 33.3 ± 8.2*** | 0.04 |
|  | 4-Hydroxyacetophenone | 8.0 ± 2.0 | 0.01 | 80.4 ± 20.1*** | 0.09 |
Amines | Serotonin | 9.1 ± 2.2 | 0.02 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 0.01 |
|  | Tyramine | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 0.00 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.00 |
Benzaldehydes | 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde | 10.0 ± 2.2 | 0.02 | 16.7 ± 4.1 | 0.02 |
|  | P-Hydroxybenzaldehyde | 5.8 ± 1.4 | 0.01 | 28 ± 6.9*** | 0.03 |
|  | Protocatachaldehyde | 133.2 ± 33.3 | 0.24 | 348.4 ± 87.1*** | 0.39 |
|  | Syringin | 10.8 ± 2.4 | 0.02 | 40.8 ± 9.8*** | 0.05 |
|  | Vanillin | 51.2 ± 12.8 | 0.09 | 155.6 ± 38.8*** | 0.18 |
Benzoic acids | Benzoic acid | 107.6 ± 26.9 | 0.19 | 1480 ± 370*** | 1.67 |
|  | Chlorogenic acid | 10.4 ± 2.6 | 0.02 | 11.9 ± 2.9 | 0.01 |
|  | Gallic acid | 4040 ± 1010 | 7.30 | 9000 ± 2250*** | 10.15 |
|  | P-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 44.8 ± 11.2 | 0.08 | 137.2 ± 34.3*** | 0.15 |
|  | Protocatechuic acid | 524 ± 131 | 0.95 | 860 ± 215* | 0.97 |
|  | Salicylic acid | 32.3 ± 8.0 | 0.06 | 56.4 ± 14.1 | 0.06 |
|  | Syringic acid | 36.9 ± 9.2 | 0.07 | 73.6 ± 18.4** | 0.08 |
|  | Vanillic acid | 109.2 ± 27.2 | 0.20 | 254.8 ± 63.7** | 0.29 |
Cinnamic acids | 4-Methoxycinnamic acid | 7.8 ± 1.9 | 0.01 | 7.7 ± 1.9 | 0.01 |
|  | Caffeic acid | 95.2 ± 23.8 | 0.17 | 328.4 ± 82.1*** | 0.37 |
|  | Ferulic acid | 131.6 ± 32.9 | 0.24 | 289.6 ± 72.4*** | 0.33 |
|  | P-Coumaric acid | 108.8 ± 27.2 | 0.20 | 226.4 ± 56.5** | 0.26 |
|  | Sinapic acid | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.00 | 14.2 ± 3.5*** | 0.02 |
Flavonoids | Apigenin | 25.2 ± 6.3 | 0.05 | 49.2 ± 12.3* | 0.06 |
|  | Biochanin A | 16.3 ± 4.0 | 0.03 | 18.9 ± 4.7 | 0.02 |
|  | Catechin | 27,640 ± 6910 | 49.95 | 52,800 ± 13,200** | 59.52 |
|  | Epicatechin | 2840 ± 710 | 5.13 | 1688 ± 422 | 1.90 |
|  | Epigallocatechin | 2128 ± 532 | 3.85 | 1808 ± 452 | 2.04 |
|  | Epigallocatechin gallate | 5320 ± 1330 | 9.61 | 5160 ± 1290 | 5.82 |
|  | Formononetin | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 0.01 | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 0.00 |
|  | Gallocatechin | 7680 ± 1920 | 13.88 | 9040 ± 2260 | 10.19 |
|  | Genstein | 28.6 ± 7.1 | 0.05 | 53.6 ± 13.4* | 0.06 |
|  | Hesperitin | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 0.01 | 10.9 ± 2.7* | 0.01 |
|  | Kaempferol | 89.2 ± 22.3 | 0.16 | 184.8 ± 46.2** | 0.21 |
|  | Luteolin | 59.6 ± 14.9 | 0.11 | 79.6 ± 19.9 | 0.09 |
|  | Myricetin | 210 ± 52.5 | 0.38 | 186.4 ± 46.6 | 0.21 |
|  | Naringenin | 179.6 ± 44.9 | 0.32 | 285.2 ± 71.3* | 0.32 |
|  | Phloretin | 225.2 ± 56.3 | 0.41 | 420 ± 105* | 0.47 |
|  | Phloridzin | 91.2 ± 22.8 | 0.16 | 141.6 ± 35.4 | 0.16 |
|  | Quercetin | 170 ± 42.5 | 0.31 | 262.8 ± 65.7* | 0.30 |
|  | Quercetin-3-glucoside | 83.6 ± 20.9 | 0.15 | 182.8 ± 45.7** | 0.21 |
|  | Resveratrol | 41.6 ± 10.4 | 0.08 | 51.2 ± 12.8 | 0.06 |
|  | Scopoletin | 42 ± 10.5 | 0.08 | 114 ± 28.5*** | 0.13 |
|  | Tangeretin | 10.7 ± 2.6 | 0.02 | 4.4 ± 1.1* | 0.00 |
|  | Taxifolin | 226.4 ± 56.6 | 0.41 | 432 ± 108** | 0.49 |
Indoles | Indole | 24.2 ± 16.1 | 0.04 | 110.4 ± 27.6*** | 0.12 |
|  | Indole-3-acetic acid | 6.2 ± 1.5 | 0.01 | 56.4 ± 14.1*** | 0.06 |
Lignans | Indole-3-carboxaldehyde | 19.6 ± 4.9 | 0.04 | 83.6 ± 20.9*** | 0.09 |
|  | Pinoresinol | 35.0 ± 8.7 | 0.06 | 35.1 ± 8.7 | 0.04 |
|  | Secoisolariciresinol | 151.6 ± 37.9 | 0.27 | 247.2 ± 61.8 | 0.28 |
|  | Syringaresinol | 1312 ± 329 | 2.37 | 916 ± 229 | 1.03 |
Phenols | Hydroxytyrosol | 64.4 ± 16.1 | 0.12 | 108.4 ± 27.1** | 0.12 |
Phenylacetic acids | Phenylacetic acids | 14.9 ± 3.7 | 0.03 | 45.6 ± 11.4*** | 0.05 |
Phenyllactic acids | Phenyllactic acid | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 0.00 | 4.2 ± 1.0* | 0.00 |
Phenylpyruvic acids | 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid | 1100 ± 275 | 1.99 | 664 ± 166** | 0.75 |
| Â | SUM | 55331.8 | 88703.5 | 100 | 100 |