Fig. 9

Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of DEGs induced by cluster bagging treatments and functional analysis of DEGs associated with the accumulation of phenolic compounds. (a) Hierarchical cluster tree showing co-expression modules identified by WGCNA. Each leaf in the tree is one gene. The major tree branches constitute 10 modules labeled by different colors. (b) Module–trait association. Each row corresponds to a module. Each column corresponds to a physiological/metabolic parameter. The color of each cell at the row–column intersection indicates the correlation coefficient between the module and the physiological/metabolic parameter. A high degree of correlation between a specific module and the physiological/metabolic parameter is indicated by red (positive) or blue (negative). BFW, berry fresh weight; TSS, total soluble solids; TA, titratable acidity; HCAs, hydroxycinnamic acids; HBAs, hydroxybenzoic acids. Biomarkers 1 to 5 represent malvidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O-(6-O-acetyl)-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-(6-O-acetyl)-glucoside, myricetin-3-O-glucoside, and rutin, respectively. (c) Gene Ontology enrichment analysis of DEGs in the blue module