A new microspore embryogenesis system under low temperature which mimics zygotic embryogenesis initials, expresses auxin and efficiently regenerates doubled-haploid plants in Brassica napus

Table 2 Quantification of haploids and doubled-haploids plantlets regenerated from microspore embryos obtained from two different temperature treatments

Temperature for embryogenesis induction	Plantlets tested	Number of plantlets
	Plantlets tested	(^#Percentage: mean ± SE_m)
	(n)	Spontaneous DH	Haploids
18°C	46	27	19
		(58.6 ± 6.5)^a	(41.3 ± 6.5)^a
32°C	30	20	10
		(66.6 ± 13.3) ^a	(33.3 ± 13.3)^b
Independent of embryogenesis induction temperature	96	63.9 ± 2.6	37.3 ± 4.0

^#Percentage is presented for two replicates of flow cytometry analysis consisting of 15–23 plants each (total = n). In order to check for experimental bias, plantlets were selected at random from regenerated embryos produced from different microspore isolation.
Means of percentages represented by the same small case letter within each column are not significantly different as per two tailed t-test assuming unequal variance at α = 0.05 for spontaneous DH or Haploid percentage.

ISSN: 1471-2229