Fig. 1

Diverse phenotype distributions were observed among the 97 luffa individuals. The distribution of distinct phenotypes was recorded for various traits including (a) hypocotyl length; (b) hypocotyl width; (c) plant height; (d) stem width; and (e) AUDPC. The smooth density curve is represented by the red line, while the qqplot located in the upper right corner of each sub-figure illustrates the univariate normality of specific phenotypes