Fig. 1

Phylogenetic tree of B. napus, B. rapa, B. oleracea, and A. thaliana. In this diagram, the light orange leaf background delineates subfamily I (NRAMP1s/6s), while the deep sky-blue leaf background signifies subfamily II (NRAMP2s/3s/4s/5s). Branches are color-coded for clarity: NRAMP6s are represented by black, NRAMP1s by red, NRAMP5s by blue, NRAMP2s by purple, NRAMP3s by gold, and NRAMP4s by green. With respect to leaf label decoration, different shapes indicate distinct NRAMPs of various plant species: triangles denote AtNRAMPs, stars denote BnNRAMPs, circles denote BoNRAMPs, and rectangles denote BrNRAMPs. Moreover, it is pertinent to emphasize that bootstrap values ranging from 80 to 100 are distinctly marked in a dark red shade, those between 50 and 80 are indicated in blue, while bootstrap values falling within the range of 0 to 50 are not rendered for display