Table 1 Effect of exogenous Pro-Ca on aroma volatiles of ‘Chardonnay’ grape berries
Varieties | No. | Molecular formula | CAS | Compound | Content of each aroma component/(µg·kg-1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0(Control) | 200 mg·L-1 Pro-Ca | 400 mg·L-1Pro-Ca | 600 mg·L-1Pro-Ca | 800 mg·L-1Pro-Ca | |||||
Aldehydes | 1 | C9H18O | 124-19-6 | Nonanal | 29.28 ± 0.91c | 31.31 ± 3.83bc | 33.26 ± 6.33b | 42.53 ± 2.7a | 22.3 ± 0.8d |
2 | C12H24O | 112-54-9 | Dodecanal | 179.25 ± 11.22a | 73.12 ± 4.79b | 65.29 ± 5.6b | 32.81 ± 0.97c | 22.32 ± 1.65d | |
3 | C8H8O | 122-78-1 | Benzeneacetaldehyde | 313.95 ± 8.02e | 827.73 ± 58.55d | 1298.5 ± 183.84c | 2129.05 ± 113.17a | 2075.41 ± 132.38b | |
4 | C10H20O | 112-31-2 | Decanal | 74.43 ± 0.96c | 188.02 ± 45.28a | 103.02 ± 8.18b | 33.92 ± 1.63d | 30.79 ± 0.35d | |
5 | C6H12O | 15877-57-3 | Pentanal, 3-methyl- | 510.71 ± 13.66a | 455.52 ± 20.6b | 355.32 ± 24.59c | 178.06 ± 14.31d | 105.96 ± 0.64e | |
6 | C15H22O2 | 1620-98-0 | 3,5-di-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde | 18.48 ± 1.11d | 89.42 ± 3.46a | 45.5 ± 3.12b | 33.91 ± 2.14c | 28.98 ± 0.55c | |
7 | C3H4O | 107-02-8 | 2-Propenal | 1102.03 ± 96.58a | / | / | / | / | |
8 | C10H16O | 25152-84-5 | 2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)- | 169.75 ± 60.24b | 262.9 ± 17.03a | / | / | / | |
9 | C8H6O2 | 623-27-8 | 1,4-Benzenedicarboxaldehyde | 203.02 ± 0.5a | 132.56 ± 12.36b | 126.26 ± 56.57bc | 104.63 ± 26.36c | 96.24 ± 17.24c | |
10 | C6H6O3 | 67-47-0 | 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural | / | 223.22 ± 34.55c | 1124.27 ± 106.67a | 1215.22 ± 102.35a | 941.26 ± 74.91b | |
11 | C10H16O | 25152-84-5 | 2,4-Decadienal, (E,E)- | 16.97 ± 6.02a | 5.61 ± 0.44b | / | / | / | |
12 | C6H12O | 66-25-1 | Hexanal | 475.08 ± 27.79c | 781.13 ± 61.61b | 1075.1 ± 234.2a | 1077.22 ± 203.22a | / | |
Kind | 11 | 11 | 9 | 9 | 8 | ||||
Sum | 3092.95 | 3070.54 | 4226.52 | 4847.35 | 3323.26 | ||||
Esters | 13 | C16H22O4 | 84-74-2 | Dibutyl phthalate | 54.36 ± 1.11c | 197.59 ± 14.55a | 59.66 ± 2.17b | 51.01 ± 2.94 cd | 50.9 ± 7.96d |
14 | C15H14O3 | 890-98-2 | Benzyl mandelate | 44.92 ± 0.53a | 37 ± 0.6b | 30.75 ± 2.99c | / | / | |
15 | C12H14O4 | 84-66-2 | Diethyl Phthalate | / | 43.25 ± 0.85a | 35.67 ± 2.89b | 10.27 ± 1.2c | 9 ± 0.38c | |
16 | C10H10O4 | 131-11-3 | Dimethyl phthalate | / | / | 109.48 ± 1.78c | 304.07 ± 5.53a | 191.41 ± 2.2b | |
17 | C8H8O3 | 119-36-8 | Methyl salicylate | / | 17.08 ± 5.83c | 26.86 ± 5.65b | 32.26 ± 9.21a | 16.07 ± 0.78c | |
18 | C3H4O2 | 692-45-5 | Formic acid, ethenyl ester | 32.37 ± 0.95e | 287.12 ± 29.7d | 311.58 ± 164.4c | 395.13 ± 33.23a | 344.53 ± 26.95b | |
19 | C10H16O2 | 65405-80-3 | 2-Butenoic acid, 3-hexenyl ester, (E,Z)- | 19.68 ± 2.62b | 53.89 ± 2.1a | 54.01 ± 2.5a | / | / | |
Kind | 4 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 5 | ||||
Sum | 151.33 | 635.93 | 628.01 | 792.74 | 611.91 | ||||
Alkanes | 20 | C7H14 | 108-87-2 | Cyclohexane, methyl- | 33.51 ± 2.93a | 20.32 ± 5.61d | 31.43 ± 2.53ab | 34.38 ± 5.63a | 24.41 ± 1.47c |
21 | C10H22 | 17302-01-1 | 3-Ethyl-3-methylheptane | 13.47 ± 0.77d | 23.7 ± 3.65c | 65.29 ± 2.3a | 40.75 ± 1.63b | 22.32 ± 1.65c | |
Kind | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | ||||
Sum | 46.98 | 44.02 | 96.72 | 75.13 | 46.73 | ||||
Alcohols | 22 | C10H18O | 78-70-6 | Linalool | 8.63 ± 0.64e | 18.06 ± 4.59c | 28 ± 0.27b | 38.56 ± 2.86a | 16.1 ± 1.35d |
23 | C10H18O | 106-24-1 | Geraniol | 534.09 ± 3.22b | 756.14 ± 90.4a | 743.09 ± 15.58a | 525.76 ± 12.81b | 270.44 ± 3.57c | |
24 | C6H14O | 111-27-3 | 1-Hexanol | / | 52.96 ± 5.54c | 148.08 ± 0b | 330.42 ± 8.14a | 667.57 ± 184.81a | |
25 | C8H10O | 60-12-8 | Phenylethyl Alcohol | 95.79 ± 2.88d | 167.32 ± 21.54c | 260.07 ± 4.99b | 315.27 ± 31.15a | 101.41 ± 9.94d | |
Kind | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||||
Sum | 638.51 | 994.48 | 1179.24 | 1210.01 | 1055.52 | ||||
Phenols | 26 | C15H24O | 128-37-0 | Butylated Hydroxytoluene | 52.6 ± 6.88d | 64.56 ± 3.19c | 92.96 ± 1.57b | 104.85 ± 4.92a | 40.61 ± 2.62e |
27 | C9H12O2 | 2785-89-9 | Phenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxy- | / | 15.22 ± 1.35c | 25.63 ± 2.26b | 39.52 ± 3.87a | 13.44 ± 1.04d | |
28 | C10H12O2 | 97-53-0 | Eugenol | / | 14.8 ± 1.66c | 23.18 ± 0.4b | 48.43 ± 10.07a | 6.16 ± 1.06d | |
Kind | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||
Sum | 52.6 | 94.58 | 141.77 | 192.8 | 60.21 | ||||
Ethers | 29 | C7H14O | 3739-64-8 | Butane, 1-(2-propenyloxy)- | 25.01 ± 4.49a | / | / | / | / |
Alkenes | 30 | C8H16 | 5026-76-6 | 1-Heptene, 6-methyl- | 1146.79 ± 82.92a | / | / | / | / |
Acids | 31 | C12H14O4 | 2359-09-3 | 1,3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)- | 53.86 ± 10.68d | 58.71 ± 11.18d | 137.52 ± 19.91b | 167.65 ± 45.9a | 107.47 ± 16.28c |
Ketones | 32 | C13H20O | 79-77-6 | trans-.beta.-Ionone | 1707.85 ± 14.64d | 2084.19 ± 491.73c | 2174.91 ± 265.73b | 2586.66 ± 202.49a | 1977.64 ± 122.36c |
Heterocyclic | 33 | C6H4O3 | 823-82-5 | 2,5-Furandicarboxaldehyde | / | 32.29 ± 0.8c | 66.47 ± 4.41a | 67.83 ± 1.03a | 40.89 ± 1.9b |
34 | C10H16O | 3777-70-6 | Furan, 2-hexyl- | / | 25.31 ± 2.4a | 15.9 ± 3.12b | 4.23 ± 0.24c | 1.38 ± 0.09d | |
35 | C14H20O2 | 719-22-2 | 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- | / | 181.63 ± 18.78a | 125.22 ± 9.8b | 114.54 ± 2.04c | 102.18 ± 10.89c | |
Kind | / | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | ||||
Sum | / | 239.23 | 207.59 | 186.6 | 144.45 | ||||
Terpenes | 36 | C10H20O | 1490-04-6 | Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)- | 123.84 ± 1.11e | 163.32 ± 15.65c | 199.47 ± 14.89b | 227.81 ± 1.5a | 137.75 ± 21.45d |
Kind | 25 | 31 | 31 | 29 | 28 | ||||
Sum | 7039.66 | 7385 | 8991.75 | 10286.75 | 7464.94 | ||||