Fig. 4

Effects of different grafting combinations on cell cycle processes in tomato scions. TT, TE, and TP graftings were analyzed for their impact on the key genes involved in the cell cycle. The TP grafting significantly inhibited cell cycle processes, including DNA replication, NACK pathway-based cytokinesis, and cell wall synthesis. In the DNA replication component, Replication Factor C (RFC) serves as a key player in DNA clamp loading, and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) functions as a central component of the replication fork. The heatmap displays normalized Z-score values, with each color corresponding to the Z-score value: the red color indicates higher activity, and the green color represents lower activity. Blocks in the heatmap, from left to right, correspond to the TT, TE, and TP graftings, respectively. The observed inhibition in the TP grafting underscores potential challenges in graft compatibility, highlighting the need for further investigation into compatible graftings