Fig. 3
Gene expression analysis of DEGs in pathways related to resistance. This figure highlights the significant shifts in gene expression levels within critical resistance-related pathways in different grafting combinations. a DEGs associated with the jasmonic acid synthesis pathway. b DEGs pertaining to Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI) and Pathogen-Triggered Immunity (PTI) pathways. c DEGs related to wounding, water dehydration, and methylation responses. d qRT-PCR was employed to validate the expression levels of genes associated with defense responses across the TT, TE, and TP graftings. Bar graphs depict the Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript per Million mapped reads (FPKM) values from RNA-seq data, and dots with error bars illustrate the mean and standard deviation values from qRT-PCR results. Heat maps in panels a-c use colors to indicate normalized Z-score values, with specific colors corresponding to specific ranges of expression levels; blocks within the heat maps, from left to right, represent the TT, TE, and TP graftings, respectively. The DEGs depicted in Fig. 3a were selected using a threshold of |log2(fold change)|> 0.8 and a q value < 0.001. In other parts of the study, DEGs were identified using a threshold of |log2(fold change)|> 2 and a q value < 0.001