Utilizing bio-synthesis of nanomaterials as biological agents for controlling soil-borne diseases in pepper plants: root-knot nematodes and root rot fungus

Table 7 The effect of bio-synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles on some growth parameters of pepper plants infected with F. oxysporum and M. incognita after 90 days in pot experiment

Treatment	Length (cm)				Fresh Weight (g)				Dry Weight (g)				Leafe area (cm2)
Treatment	Shoot	*I %*	Root	*I %*	Shoot	*I %*	Root	*I %*	Shoot	*I %*	Root	*I %*		*I %*
Con. (Healthy)	18.28 ^ab		8.76 ^abc		5.68 ^ab		1.57 ^ab		1.21 ^abc		0.33 ^abcd		308.19 ^ab
Con. *(M.incognita*)	17.14 ^bcd	93.	7.3 ^cde	83	4.64 ^bcd	81	1.70 ^a	108	1.15 ^abcd	95	0.41 ^a	124	274.67 ^bc	89
*Con. (F.oxysporum***)	17.02 ^bcd	93	7.8 ^abcd	89	4.94 ^bcd	86	1.21 ^bc	77	1.21 ^abc	100	0.27 ^de	81	279.10 ^bc	90
Con.(Mj+Fo)	16.78 ^bcd	91	6.44 ^de	73	4.01 ^cd	70	1.59 ^a	101	0.90 ^de	74	0.32 ^bcd	96	211.24 ^de	68
Con.Mj + Nemacur	17.92 ^abc	98	7.96 ^abcd	90	5.27 ^ab	92	1.52 ^ab	96	1.09 ^bcd	90	0.30 ^cde	90	267.07 ^bcd	86
Con.Fo+Fungicide	17.24 ^bcd	94	7.44 ^bcde	84	5.17 ^abc	91	1.33 ^abc	84	1.11 ^abcd	91	0.27 ^de	81	242.90 ^cde	78
Con. Mj+ Con.Fo + Nematicide+Fungicide	16.98 ^bcd	92	6.94^de	79	5.23 ^abc	92	1.50 ^ab	95	1.25 ^abc	103	0.35 ^abcd	106	223.91 ^cde	72
Fo +Zn NPs (S 1)	19.5 ^a	106	9.02 ^a	102	6.378 ^a	112	1.68 ^a	107	1.39 ^a	114	0.37 ^abc	112	364.07^a	118
Fo+Zn NPs (S 2)	15.8 ^d	86	5.94 ^e	67	3.91 ^d	68	1.09 ^d	69	0.77 ^e	63	0.23 ^e	69%	198.3 ^e	64
Mj +Zn NPs (S 1)	19.16 ^a	104	8.94 ^ab	102	5.61 ^ab	98	1.56 ^ab	99	1.35 ^abc	111	0.33 ^abcd	100%	308.34 ^ab	100
Mj +Zn NPs (S 2)	16.36 ^cd	89	6.88 ^de	78	4.45 ^bcd	78	1.35 ^abc	85	1.06 ^cd	87	0.31 ^bcde	93%	194.45 ^e	63
Fo. + Mj. +Zn NPs (S 1)	16.82 ^bcd	92	6.58 ^de	75	5.01 ^bcd	88	1.7 ^a	108	1.36 ^ab	112	0.40 ^ab	121%	185.55 ^e	60
LSD 0.05	1.547		1.392		1.09		0.333		0.255		0.080		53.45

Data are means of ten replicates; means with the same letter(s) in each column are not significantly different at (P≤0.05).
Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments at p ≤ 0.05

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