Fig. 5
A correlogram displaying Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) among secondary metabolite content, antibacterial activity, and antioxidant activity of the extracts. Strong positive correlations were found between the antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and the levels of phenolics and flavonoids in the extracts, with correlation coefficient (r) values of 0.99 and 1.00, respectively. Strong negative correlations were observed between the antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and the levels of saponins and tannins in the extracts, with correlation coefficient (r) values of -0.99 and -1.00, respectively