Fig. 1

Multiple sequence alignment of the conserved kinase domains of CpMAPKs. The multiple alignment is conducted using ClustalX, and is presented using GeneDoc. The eleven conserved kinase domains that have been found among plant MAPKs are indicated by Roman numerals (I to XI). The conserved loop domains, including P-loop, C-loop, activation loop and CD-domain, are shown in red boxes. The first two letters of each MAPK indicate the abbreviated species name. At: Arabidopsis thaliana; Zm: Zea mays; Os: Oryza sativa; Cp: Carica papaya