Table 5 Soil Properties (mean + SE) under the four different agroforestry practices in drylands of Southern Ethiopia

pH (1:2.5 soil: water)

0–30

7.07^a

6.20^c

6.34^bc

6.39^abc

30–60

7.02^ab

6.42^abc

6.50^abc

6.25^c

Organic carbon (%)

0–30

3.62^a

2.77^ab

3.16^ab

2.69^b

30–60

3.23^ab

2.46^b

2.87^ab

2.77^ab

Total nitrogen (%)

0–30

0.46^a

0.23 ^ab

0.31^ab

0.20^ab

30–60

0.29 ^ab

0.19^ab

0.24^b

0.22^ab

Available phosphorus (ppm)

0–30

12.63^a

13.84^a

11.65^a

12.07^a

30–60

11.06^a

12.79^a

10.66^a

11.91^a

Sand (%)

0–30

73.25^a

67.25^a

67.50^a

65.25^a

30–60

69.88^a

66.75^a

67.63^a

68.81^a

Clay (%)

0–30

9.31^a

10.00^a

8.75^a

8.00^a

30–60

8.69^a

9.75^a

9.31^a

8.19^a

Silt (%)

0–30

17.44^b

22.75^ab

23.75^ab

26.75^a

30–60

21.44^ab

23.50^ab

23.69^ab

23.00^ab