Fig. 3
From: Chitosan-GSNO nanoparticles: a positive modulator of drought stress tolerance in soybean
Effects of Chitosan-GSNO nanoparticles on soybean roots under drought stress. The various formulations of GSNO significantly enhanced root development-related traits under normal as well as drought stress conditions (A). A significant increase in root length (B) and volume (C) was recorded after the application of CS-GSNONPs. The 50 μM concentration of CS-GSNONPs and 100 μM free GSNO markedly increased the root surface area (D). The water-stressed soybean plants showed an increase of more than 100% in the number of root tips and forks (E and F) after application of CS-GSNONPs with a parallel increase in the number of nodules compared to the non-treated plants (G). Each data point represents the average of atleast three replications. Error bars represent standard deviation. Means with significant difference were separated by DMRT following the analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P < .05