Fig. 3

Genome-wide association analysis of bean rust DS in a Portuguese common bean collection. The y-axis represents the -log₁₀ (P-value) of 9,601 SNPs, and the x-axis shows their chromosomal positions. The horizontal red lines indicate the threshold of significance of -log₁₀ (P-value) = 4. Vertical blue lines highlight common loci. A – Manhattan plot depicting the marker-trait associations identified with 132 accessions included. B- Manhattan plot depicting the marker-trait associations after removing the 6 accessions considered incomplete hypersensitive resistant, to detect genes responsible for partial resistance. C – Manhattan plot depicting the marker-trait associations after removing the 20 partially resistant accessions, to detect genes responsible for incomplete hypersensitive resistance