Fig. 1

Diverse sex expressions in D. oleifera. A male floral buds, B female floral buds, C hermaphroditic floral buds, and D female flower cyme in pseudo-monoecy. E Schematic representation of individual sexual types. Details of the sexual types are shown in Figs. S1-3. Gynoecy and androecy represent female and male individuals in a dioecious population, respectively. Monoecy represents individuals bearing both female and male flowers. Andromonoecy represents individuals bearing both male and hermaphroditic flowers. Androgynomonoecy represents an individual bearing female, male and hermaphroditic flowers. Pseudo-monoecy represents individuals bearing two- or three-flower cymes with a female (or occasionally hermaphroditic) flower in the middle and one or two abnormal small female flowers at the sides