Improvements in the biochemical responses and Pb and Ni phytoremediation of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L.) plants through Funneliformis mosseae inoculation

Table 3 AMF inoculation effects on the total antioxidant and enzyme activity of lavender plants under Pb and Ni heavy metals (HMs) stress

AMF (g kg⁻¹ soil)	HMs (mg kg⁻¹Soil)		FRAP (%)		DPPH (%)	APX (µmol ml⁻¹ min⁻¹)	GPX (µmol ml⁻¹ min⁻¹)	SOD (µmol ml⁻¹ min⁻¹)
0		0	23.06 h		3.181j	0.251e	0.6075f	11.77 h
	Pb	150	35.19e		17.93f	0.3225e	0.7e	32.68e
	Pb	225	41.5b		31.62b	0.615b	1.9125b	58b
	Ni	220	32.58f		14.01 h	0.285e	0.7125e	14.23 g
	Ni	330	35.72e		23.26d	0.4625 cd	1.2575c	14.79 g
5		0	30.98 g		7.765i	0.26e	0.6175f	28.68f
	Pb	150	38.03d		21.16e	0.36de	1.058d	54.67c
	Pb	225	44.29a		35.89a	0.91a	2.245a	61.02a
	Ni	220	36.21e		16.15 g	0.2925e	1.008e	31.75e
	Ni	330	40.3c		27.32c	0.5152bc	1.905b	38.51d
LSD at 0.05%			1.049		1.347	0.1119	0.3229	2.098
S.O.V			df
HMs			4	267.921**	910.902**	0.111**	1.708**	2215.269**
AMF			1	180.073**	130.827**	0.835**	6.947**	2765.735**
HMs \(\times\) AMF			4	9.189**	1.766*	0.068**	0.534**	132.506**
Error			30	0.697	0.636	0.006	0.050	2.111
C.V				4.80	4.03	18.18	23.53	4.20

AMF, HMs, S.O.V., and df were assigned to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi and heavy metals (Pb and Ni), source of variation, and degree of freedom, respectively. * and **, significant at P ≤ 5% and P ≤ 1%, respectively. Dissimilar letters present significant differences based on the LSD test at 5% and 1% probability levels

ISSN: 1471-2229