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Table 2 The differences in seed size and mechanical defense between the two fruit types of the 168 species by linear mixed effect model

From: The fruit morphometric variation and fruit type evolution of the stone oaks (Fagaceae, Lithocarpus)

Morphometric dimensions

AC

t value

ER

t value

Fruit husk volume Vh(cm3) / seed surface area (cm2)

0.19

2.11

1.54

6.37

Seed volume Vs (cm3)

2.57

10.53

5.72

5.42

  1. AC and ER stand for acorn and enclosed receptacle fruit type, respectively. Assuming zero density difference, the fruit husk volume (Vh) would represent total mechanical investment, so the fruit husk and seed surface area ratio (Vh / Ss) would represent the relative physical protection