Fig. 2

Gene expressions of PhCSE were quantified by the 2^−ΔΔCT method using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) normalizing to the reference gene, Ph18S rRNA with three biological replications per ir-PhCSE plants (8–10, 13–12, and 13–13) and negative control line (8–7). Data show the relative transcription levels compared to Petunia x hybrida ‘Mitchell Diploid’ (MD) plants and the bars on the graphs indicate standard deviation. Asterisks (**) indicate that the transcriptions of ir-PhCSE plants are significantly different compared to MD (p < 0.001, Student’s t-test; ns, not significant)