Fig. 6
Roles of the CAS gene family and AOX in the plant response to stress conditions. In Arabidopsis, environmental stress, such as salt stress, leads to cyanide accumulation in the cytoplasm due to the hydrolysis of cyanohydrin and as a byproduct of ethylene synthesis. Previous studies have shown that CYS-C1 plays a major role in cyanide detoxification in the mitochondria, while CYS-D1 and CYS-D2 play a role in the cytoplasm [19]. The results of this study indicate that CYS-C1 is a key member of the CAS gene family involved in cyanide detoxification. Notably, AOX plays an active role in respiratory homeostasis when plants are exposed to stress conditions, especially when the cytochrome c pathway is damaged by adverse conditions and toxic chemicals such as HCN and H2S. Therefore, it can be concluded that CAS and AOX synergistically contribute to the tolerance of Arabidopsis seeds and seedlings to salt stress