Fig. 4

Variation in the values of relative and absolute synonymous substitution rates (dS) in plastid protein-coding genes in Gastrodieae. Red and blue branches show the evolution rates of Gastrodieae species and Didymoplexis pallens, respectively. a phylograms of dN and dS of rpl14, respectively. b phyograms of dN and dS of rps3, respectively. The value of dS was approximately 10-fold higher than that of dN. c phylograms of dN divergence of five individual genes. All trees are drawn to the same scale