Table 2 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in significant association with the CIELAB color traits L*, a*, b*, and V (visual score) for kernel color in the UMN_C4 intermediate wheatgrass population. The column ‘MAF’ lists minor allele frequency of the marker, ‘R²’ is the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the significant SNP marker, and ‘Hb’ lists the haplotype block where the SNP marker was binned

L*

S02_183514050

2

183.51

G/A

0.23

19.00

8.84

0.35

Chr02-Hb.145

L*

S06_485505428

6

485.51

C/G

0.50

6.80

4.26

−0.84

Chr06-Hb.193

L*

S14_228811555

14

228.81

T/C

0.49

18.46

10.50

−0.27

Chr14-Hb.64

L*

S16_133923040

16

133.92

A/G

0.21

6.66

4.70

−0.68

NA

L*

S20_435904483

20

435.90

G/A

0.15

6.16

4.35

0.69

NA

a*

S02_183514050

2

183.51

G/A

0.23

20.02

9.47

−1.84

Chr02-Hb.145

a*

S07_494007600

7

494.01

T/C

0.39

7.07

4.98

0.16

Chr07-Hb.208

a*

S13_272249905

13

272.25

T/C

0.44

8.33

5.84

−0.17

NA

a*

S20_145384739

20

145.38

G/A

0.20

19.57

11.19

−1.31

Chr20-Hb.107

b*

S02_183514050

2

183.51

G/A

0.23

16.03

10.94

0.43

Chr02-Hb.145

b*

S04_76206640

4

76.21

A/T

0.31

8.36

5.87

0.65

Chr04-Hb.82

b*

S04_105922911

4

105.92

T/C

0.18

5.85

4.14

0.83

NA

b*

S06_485505428

6

485.51

C/G

0.50

6.02

4.26

−0.76

Chr06-Hb.193

b*

S13_128050590

13

128.05

C/T

0.12

7.61

5.35

0.93

Chr13-Hb.106

V

S06_286239143

6

286.24

G/A

0.18

6.34

4.48

0.20

Chr06-Hb.116

V

S07_353011546

7

353.01

G/A

0.14

7.25

5.11

−0.17

Chr07-Hb.114

V

S10_457351151

10

457.35

A/C

0.07

6.02

4.26

−0.21

NA

V

S14_228811555

14

228.81

T/C

0.49

15.37

10.52

0.44

Chr14-Hb.64

V

S16_386540604

16

386.54

C/T

0.20

7.51

5.29

0.19

Chr16-Hb.184

V

S20_145384739

20

145.38

G/A

0.20

14.57

10.00

−0.76

Chr20-Hb.107