Variation, coordination, and trade-offs between needle structures and photosynthetic-related traits across five Picea species: consequences on plant growth

Table 2 Photosynthetic characteristics for the five studied Picea species

Traits	P.glauca	P. mariana	P. likiangensis	P. koraiensis	P.crassifolia	significance (ANOVA)
P_nmax (umol m^− 2 s^− 1)	9.27 ± 0.42a	5.57 ± 0.50c	7.11 ± 0.43b	7.39 ± 0.58b	5.07 ± 0.80c	**
iWUE (μmol mol⁻¹)	53.62 ± 23.11b	59.02 ± 22.79b	122.78 ± 14.75a	55.61 ± 16.88b	46.10 ± 8.43b	**
g_s (mol m⁻² s⁻¹)	0.150 ± 0.071a	0.073 ± 0.016b	0.048 ± 0.01b	0.112 ± 0.03ab	0.053 ± 0.022b	*
g_m (mol m⁻² s⁻¹)	0.081 ± 0.017a	0.037 ± 0.011b	0.068 ± 0.005a	0.082 ± 0.011a	0.022 ± 0.009b	**
V_cmax (umol m⁻² s⁻¹)	34.79 ± 11.05a	13.32 ± 5.02b	31.62 ± 0.9a	30.12 ± 7.26a	9.11 ± 1.55b	**
J_max (umol m⁻² s⁻¹)	105.69 ± 15.05a	41.11 ± 19.78b	89.74 ± 14.82a	81.20 ± 15.72a	47.29 ± 16.11b	**

P_nmax, area-based maximum net photosynthesis; g_s, stomatal conductance; iWUE, intrinsic water use efficiency; g_m, mesophyll conductance to CO₂; V_cmax and J_max, maximum carboxylation and maximum electron transport rate, respectively. Data are mean ± SE. Different letters indicate significant differences among species (P < 0.05); *, statistical significance at P < 0.05; **, statistical significance at P < 0.01

ISSN: 1471-2229