Fig. 4
Effects of Al stress on transporter genes involved in the transport of Fe, Zn, Cu, and other metals. a Expression patterns for genes encoding transporters or enzymes involved in transport of Fe or Fe-organic acid complex across various membranes, including Ferric reductase oxidase (CsFRO), Fe-binding proteins ferritin (CsFER), vacuolar iron transporters (CsVITs), nicotianamine synthase (CsNAS), yellow-stripe like (CsYSL) transporters, and IRON REGULATED/Ferroportin (CsIREG/Ferroportin). b Expression patterns for other genes encoding multi-function transporters, such as NRAMP transporters, ZRT/IRT-like proteins (CsZIPs), plasma membrane ATPases (CsPMAs), oligopeptide transporter (CsOPTs). c qRT-PCR verification of expression patterns of key genes involved in metal ion transport in roots in response to 0.4 mM and 2.5 mM Al. The heatmaps were made with transcriptome data normalized as Log10(1 + log (1 + FPKM)). MeV software was used to depict transcript levels. qRT-PCR data are presented as means ± SD from three independent experiments and statistical significance is based on Student’s t-test (*P < 0.05; ** P < 0.001) compared with controls