Fig. 4

OsHXK1 increases ROS accumulation to lead to early leaf senescence. a-c, ABA, glucose, and H₂O₂ contents in leaves of WT, OEHXK1–1, OEHXK1–2, Cashxk1–1, and Cashxk1–2 plants at the booting stage. FW, fresh weight. *, 0.01 < P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01. The P value was determined by Student’s t-test. The error bars indicate SDs. d Total extractable leaf catalase activity in leaves of wild-type, OEHXK1–1, OEHXK1–2, Cashxk1–1, and Cashxk1–2 plants at the filling stage. The data were obtained from three independent replicates. **, P < 0.01 according to Student’s t-test. The error bars indicate SDs. e qRT-PCR analysis of OsGLO1 in WT, OEHXK1–1, OEHXK1–2, Cashxk1–1, and Cashxk1–2 leaves at the filling stage. **, P < 0.01. The error bars indicate SDs. Each reaction represents three independent replicates. f Total extractable leaf GLO activity in leaves of wild-type, OEHXK1–1, OEHXK1–2, Cashxk1–1, and Cashxk1–2 plants at the filling stage. The data were obtained from three independent replicates. **, P < 0.01 according to Student’s t-test. The error bars indicate SDs. g DNA fragment signals from WT and OsHXK1 mutant plants at the booting and filling stages. Red fluorescence from the staining of anthers with propidium iodide (PI) was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy; the images show the overlays between the green fluorescence from TUNEL staining and PI staining. Bars = 20 μm in g