Fig. 5

Determination of key defensive mechanisms taking place in Qingliu leaves under leaffolder herbivory. a GO enrichment of upregulated genes identified in Qingliu leaves in response to leaffolder herbivory. Enriched GO terms from biological process (BP), cellular component (CC) and molecular function (MF) GO categories are shown with bar length depicting enrichment significance and color intensity of bars depicting gene number. Coexpression network using b Os07g0542400, Os07g0537500, Os07g0537600, Os08g0203100 c Os02g0165100, Os05g0127300 coexpressed protein kinase genes induced by leaffolder feeding. Based on KEGG pathway annotation, genes associated with JA biosynthesis and the phenylpropanoid pathway are indicated by dotted line black and orange ellipses, respectively. Blue rimmed nodes = protein kinase genes, arrowhead nodes = genes encoding peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase or 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, hexagonal nodes = JA biosynthesis genes, square nodes = transcription factor genes, triangular nodes = germin-like protein genes. DEGs mapped to the coexpression networks are shown in red nodes for upregulation and green nodes for downregulation