Fig. 1

Lifestyle transitions of C. gloeosporioides conidia cultured in glucose solution and observed with light microscopy (a–c, j–l) or scanning electron microscopy (d–f). a and d, germinated conidia form melanized appressoria which attach to the surface of the host cell (24 hpi). b and e, the fungus then proliferates and appressoria form bulbous primary biotrophic hyphae (48 hpi). c and f, a thin filamentous secondary hyphae then forms, which is associated with the switch to necrotrophy (72 hpi). g–l Life cycle of C. gloeosporioides in infected intact leaves (g–i) and in paraffin section stained with aniline blue (j–l) at 24, 48 and 72 hpi. co, conidia; ap, appressoria; gt, germ tube; ph, primary hyphae; pp, penetration peg; sh, secondary hyphae. Bars: 50 μm (a–c), 10 μm (d–f), 100 μm (g–l)