Fig. 4

Validation of VA milRNAs in maize at different infection stages using real-time PCR. IA, 12 hpi, 24 hpi, 3 dpi, and 5 dpi indicate 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 3d, and 5d post inoculation, respectively. The bars represent the mean ± SD. The different lowercase letters indicate significant differences with P-value < 0.05