Linking exogenous foliar application of glycine betaine and stomatal characteristics with salinity stress tolerance in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings

Table 1 The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the different treatments

Treatment	∆F/ \( {F}_m^{\prime } \)	Φ_PSII	Fv/Fm	qN	qP	NPQ
CK	0.747 ± 0.006 a	0.352 ± 0.015 a	0.828 ± 0.003 a	0.765 ± 0.019 ab	0.459 ± 0.058 b	1.726 ± 0.128 bc
T1	0.715 ± 0.027 ab	0.271 ± 0.015bc	0.825 ± 0.007 a	0.739 ± 0.007 b	0.496 ± 0.019 b	1.554 ± 0.079 c
T2	0.730 ± 0.005 a	0.310 ± 0.015ab	0.829 ± 0.004 a	0.732 ± 0.017 b	0.490 ± 0.026 b	1.538 ± 0.087 c
T3	0.707 ± 0.012 b	0.257 ± 0.023 c	0.801 ± 0.015 ab	0.777 ± 0.017 ab	0.536 ± 0.046ab	1.748 ± 0.096 bc
T4	0.698 ± 0.005 b	0.239 ± 0.027 c	0.786 ± 0.017 b	0.824 ± 0.042 a	0.559 ± 0.033 a	2.260 ± 0.419 a

Note: ∆F/ \( {F}_m^{\prime }=\mathrm{Effective}\ \mathrm{quantum}\ \mathrm{efficiency}\ \mathrm{of}\ \mathrm{photosystem}\ \mathrm{II}, \) Φ_PSII = Actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, Fv/Fm = Maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, qN = non-photochemical quenching, qP = photochemical quenching of variable chlorophyll, NPQ = non-photochemical quenching Data are Mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). CK = control; T1 = 2.5 mM GB; T2 = 5 mM GB; T3 = 7.5 mM GB and T4 = 150 mM NaCl. Different alphabets in each sub-column represent significant differences (p < 0.05)

ISSN: 1471-2229