Fig. 1

ZNC treatment enhanced plant resistance against PVX. Wild-type N. benthamiana was inoculated with PVX (GFP and YFP tag) after ZNC (100 ng/mL) treatment for 2 h, the phenotype (a) was obtained under long-wave ultraviolet lamp, and PVX relative expression quantity (b) was calculated using ELISA method at 5 dpi. The emerging areas were measured using a gradient concentration (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ng/mL) ZNC (c). Error bars show the mean ± SD of three replicates (at least 20 plants per replicate). ** indicates extremely significant differences determined using the Student’s t-test (p < 0.01)