Fig. 3

Secondary metabolites in WT and AOC-RNAi tobacco host plants following 48 h of CLW feeding on their dodder parasites. The experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1a. Dodders were grown on WT and AOC-RNAi tobacco plants. Empty clip cages and clip cages each containing two CLW larvae were fixed to the dodders (one clip cage for each dodder) to form the control and treatment groups, respectively. After 48 h, WT and AOC-RNAi tobacco leaves from the control and treatment groups were collected for analysis of secondary metabolites. Different lowercase letters represent statistical significance (n = 5; one-way ANOVA with Duncan’s test). Error bars are standard errors