Fig. 1

Characterization of the gpa6 Mutant. a Transverse sections of representative wild-type (Indica cultivar N22) and gpa6 mutant dry seeds. Bars = 1 mm. b and c Scanning electron microscopy images of transverse sections of wild-type (b) and gpa6 mutant (c) seeds. Bars = 10 μm. d SDS-PAGE profiles of total seed storage proteins of the wild type and gpa6 mutant. pGlu, 57-kD proglutelins; αGlu, 40-kD glutelin acidic subunits; αGlb, 26-kD α-globulin; βGlu, 20-kD glutelin basic subunits; Pro, prolamins. e Immunoblot analysis of glutelins and the molecular chaperones BiP1 and PDI1–1. Arrowheads represent glutelin basic subunits. Arrows indicate the 57-kD proglutelins (red) and the glutelin acidic subunits (black). EF-1α was used as a loading control