Fig. 3

The defective anther cuticle and pollen sexine formation in osacos12. a and b SEM images for the WT and osacos12 anthers. c-j SEM observation for the epidermal surface of the WT (c) and osacos12 (g) anthers, the inner surface of WT (d) and osacos12 (h) anthers, and the pollen grains in WT (e and f) and osacos12 (i and j) anthers. Or, orbicule; Bars = 500 μm in a and b, 100 μm in e, i, 10 μm in c, g, f, j and 5 μm in h, d. k-t Semi-thin cross-sectional analysis of anther development of WT (k-o) and the osacos12 mutant (p-t) during the anther development stages. E, epidermis; En, endothecium; ML, middle layer; T, tapetum; MMC, microspore mother cell; Tds, tetrads; Msp, microspore. Bars = 20 μm. u-z TEM observation for WT (u-w) and osacos12 (x-z) pollen development from stages 8–10. The boxed image on the right of each panel was enlarged from the left region. AEX, abnormal exine; Ba, bacula; E, epidermis; En, endothecium; Ex, exine; Msp, microspore; Ne, nexine, PE, primexine; Se, sexine; T, tapetum; Tds, tetrads. Bars = 5 μm and 500 nm in u, x, 2 μm and 500 nm in v, y, 5 μm and 1 μm in w, 2 μm and 1 μm in z