Genome sequencing of herb Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) unravels key genes behind its strong medicinal properties

Upadhyay, Atul K.; Chacko, Anita R.; Gandhimathi, A.; Ghosh, Pritha; Harini, K.; Joseph, Agnel P.; Joshi, Adwait G.; Karpe, Snehal D.; Kaushik, Swati; Kuravadi, Nagesh; Lingu, Chandana S; Mahita, J.; Malarini, Ramya; Malhotra, Sony; Malini, Manoharan; Mathew, Oommen K.; Mutt, Eshita; Naika, Mahantesha; Nitish, Sathyanarayanan; Pasha, Shaik Naseer; Raghavender, Upadhyayula S.; Rajamani, Anantharamanan; Shilpa, S; Shingate, Prashant N.; Singh, Heikham Russiachand; Sukhwal, Anshul; Sunitha, Margaret S.; Sumathi, Manojkumar; Ramaswamy, S.; Gowda, Malali; Sowdhamini, Ramanathan

doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0562-x

BMC Plant Biology

Table 4 The enzymes involved in metabolite biosynthesis were identified in the assembled genome and these genes were analyzed for their expression level in the transcriptome. The RKPM value signifies the level for expression

From: Genome sequencing of herb Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum) unravels key genes behind its strong medicinal properties

Sno.	Metabolite	Disease implication	Enzymes involved	No. of hits in Ocimum genome	RPKM value
	Flavonoids
1	Apigenin	Anti-cancer	Flavone synthaseI	16	-
			Naringenin, NADPH oxygen oxidoreductase	17	-
2	Luteolin	Anti-cancer	Flavone synthaseI	7	34.44
			Naringenin, NADPH oxygen oxidoreductase	9	61.34
			Flavone 3’ monooxygenase	5	5.53
			Naringenin 3’ hydroxylase	26	104.24
			Eriodictoyl NADPH oxygen oxidoreductase	7	59.79
	Phenylpropanoids
3	Rosmarinic acid Pathway1	Anti-cancer, anti-oxidant	4-coumaroyl-4’-hydroxyphenyllactate 3-hydroxylase	19	120.52
			Tyrosine_transaminase	2	0.00
4	Rosmarinic acid Pathway 2	Anti-cancer, anti-oxidant	Hydroxyphenylpyruvate_reductase	3	45.78
			tyrosine -3-monooxygenase	0	35.58
5	Eugenol	Anti-infective	Alcohol_o_acetyltransferase	10	4.69
			Eugenol synthase	5	68.93
			Isoeugenol synthase	5	68.93
6	Methylchavicol	Anti-fungal, antiparasitic, anti-oxidant	Eugenol-o-methyltransferase	4	132.39
	Terpenes
7	Citral	Antiseptic	Geraniol synthase	9	0.00
			Geraniol_dehdrogenase	32	46.10
8	Linalool	Anti-infective	Farnesyl-pyrophosphate synthase	6	128.35
			r-linool_synthase	15	132.39
			s-linool_synthase	22	32.91
	Sesquiterpenes
9	Caryophylene	Anti-inflammatory	Alpha humulene synthase	27	3.92
			Beta-caryophyllene synthase	17	3.92
10	Selinene	Anti-oxidant	Alpha_selinene_synthase	11	13.31
			Beta_selinene_synthase	13
11	Taxol	Anti-cancer	Taxadiene synthase	3	9.36
			Taxadiene 5-alpha hydroxylase	33	3.43
			Taxadien-5-alpha-ol O-acetyltransferase	6	26.88
			Taxane 10-beta-hydroxylase	41	3.43
			Taxoid 14-beta-hydroxylase	22	3.43
			2-alpha-hydroxytaxane 2-O-benzoyltransferase	3
			10-deacetylbaccatin III 10-O-acetyltransferase	3
			3’-N-debenzoyl-2’-deoxytaxol N-benzoyltransferase	5	4.85
12	Ursolic acid	Anti-cancer	Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase	23	3.43
13	Oleanolic acid	Anti-cancer	Beta-amyrin synthase	7	12.69
			Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase	23	3.43
	Sterols
14	Sitosterol	Anti-cancer	24C_methyltransferase	1	67.25

^-refers to cases where there was no significant transcript evidence

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ISSN: 1471-2229

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