A small XY chromosomal region explains sex determination in wild dioecious V. vinifera and the reversal to hermaphroditism in domesticated grapevines

Table 3 Diversity statistics for wild male/female, cultivated hermaphrodite and female haplotypes groups

	VSVV006	VSVV007	VSVV009	VSVV010
	1111 bp	849 bp	690 bp	498 bp
Wild male haplotypes
Effective	22	22	22	18
S	5	1	6	12
Nh	3	2	3	6
H	0.18	0.09	0.18	0.72
π	0.00041	0.00011	0.00079	0.00375
Tajima's D	-1.99 *	-1.16 (ns)	-2.07 *	-1.71 (ns)
Fu and Li's D*	-2.91*	-1.57 (ns)	-3.23 **	-2.10 +
Zeng et al.'s E	-1.404*	-0.866 (ns)	-0.551(ns)	-0.334 (ns)
DH test (p-value)	0.148 (ns)	0.331 (ns)	0.023 **	0.035**
Domesticated hermaphrodite haplotypes
Effective	22	22	20	26
S	11	2	3	11
Nh	6	3	4	5
H	0.72	0.26	0.36	0.46
π	0.00216	0.00031	0.00091	0.00474
Tajima's D	-0.71 (ns)	-1.18 (ns)	-0.69 (ns)	-0.60 (ns)
Fu and Li's D*	0.53 (ns)	-0.63 (ns)	-0.12 (ns)	0 (ns)
Wild female haplotypes
Effective	71	71	71	62
S	13	6	26	19
Nh	12	7	16	17
H	0.69	0.47	0.86	0.72
π	0.00136	0.00170	0.00526	0.00744
Tajima's D	-1.24 (ns)	0.38 (ns)	-1.01 (ns)	-0.26 (ns)
Fu and Li's D*	-1.81 (ns)	0.24 (ns)	0.15 (ns)	1.28 (ns)
Domesticated female haplotypes
Effective	21	22	20	16
S	7	4	9	16
Nh	6	3	8	9
H	0.77	0.26	0.77	0.86
π	0.00224	0.00090	0.00500	0.01089
Tajima's D	0.89 (ns)	-0.85 (ns)	1.24 (ns)	0.49 (ns)
Fu and Li's D*	0.66 (ns)	1.10 (ns)	0.86 (ns)	0.93 (ns)

S = number of segregating sites, Nh = number of different haplotypes, H = haplotype diversity and π = nucleotide diversity. For the Tajima's D values, Fu and Li's D*, Zeng et al.'s E and DH test : "**" indicate a p-value < 0.01, "*" a p-value < 0.05, "+" a p-value < 0.10 and (ns) non-significance. The E statistics and the DH test were computed using the male haplotype of V. balanseana as an outgroup.

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