Table 1 Comparison of phytochemical profile from TI sample obtained in February 2018 and extracted using organic solvents or traditional (both cold and hot water) extraction methods

Acetophenones

3,4,5-Trimethoxyacetophenone

2.2 ± 0.5

0.01

4.2 ± 1.9

0.01

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone

12.4 ± 2.3

0.03

20.0 ± 4.5

0.03

4-Hydroxyacetophenone

8.1 ± 3.7

0.02

44.2 ± 8.9**

0.06

Benzaldehydes

3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde

3.3 ± 0.5

0.01

13.4 ± 4.7**

0.02

P-Hydroxybenzaldehyde

20.6 ± 5.8

0.05

16.9 ± 5.4

0.02

Protocatachaldehyde

68.8 ± 8.9

0.17

240.8 ± 52.2***

0.33

Syringin

27.6 ± 4.3

0.07

25.8 ± 5.1

0.04

Vanillin

135.8 ± 48.1

0.34

103.4 ± 23.8

0.14

Benzoic acids

Anthranilic acid

7.2 ± 0.9

0.02

3.6 ± 0.4*

0.00

Benzoic acid

360.6 ± 173.8

0.90

793.8 ± 70.4**

1.09

Chlorogenic acid

10.1 ± 2.5

0.03

11.2 ± 1.1

0.02

Gallic acid

6199.3 ± 808.9

15.52

6520 ± 507.3

8.95

P-hydroxybenzoic acid

34.2 ± 5.6

0.09

91 ± 25.3***

0.12

Protocatechuic acid

266.9 ± 61.8

0.67

692 ± 237.5***

0.95

Salicylic acid

6357.9 ± 1261.4

15.92

44.4 ± 17.0***

0.06

Syringic acid

65.5 ± 13.4

0.16

55.3 ± 15.9

0.08

Vanillic acid

145.6 ± 37.2

0.36

182 ± 43.9

0.25

Cinnamic acids

Caffeic acid

347.6 ± 62.2

0.87

211.8 ± 64.8

0.29

Cinnamic acid

7.0 ± 2.1

0.02

6.6 ± 1.9

0.01

Ferulic acid

255.9 ± 40.3

0.64

210.6 ± 51.7

0.29

P-coumaric acid

151.6 ± 45.2

0.38

167.6 ± 34.6

0.23

Sinapic acid

11.4 ± 4.8

0.03

7.6 ± 2.1

0.01

Flavonoids

Apigenin

12.8 ± 0.6

0.03

37.2 ± 16.9**

0.05

Catechin

12248.7 ± 1594.3

30.67

40,220 ± 17790.8***

55.18

Epicatechin

2806 ± 562.8

7.03

2264 ± 814.5

3.11

Epigallocatechin

2152 ± 226.2

5.39

1968 ± 452.5

2.70

Epigallocatechin gallate

581.2 ± 73.3

1.46

5240 ± 113.1***

7.19

Gallocatechin

5340 ± 537.4

13.37

8360 ± 961.6**

11.47

Genstein

15.3 ± 0.9

0.04

41.1 ± 17.6**

0.06

Hesperitin

7.7 ± 2.2

0.02

8.4 ± 3.5

0.01

Luteolin

14.8 ± 4.8

0.04

69.6 ± 14.4***

0.10

Morin

25.1 ± 5.3

0.06

36.8 ± 5.8

0.05

Myricetin

69.5 ± 16.6

0.17

198.2 ± 40.8***

0.27

Naringenin

42.6 ± 14.8

0.11

232.4 ± 74.6***

0.32

Neohesperidin

24.7 ± 5.3

0.06

29.6 ± 4.8

0.04

Phloretin

42.4 ± 2.8

0.11

322.6 ± 137.7***

0.44

Phloridzin

14.6 ± 5.1

0.04

116.4 ± 35.6***

0.16

Psoralen

2.3 ± 0.5

0.01

1.6 ± 0.4

0.00

Quercetin

63.7 ± 9.9

0.16

216.4 ± 65.6***

0.30

Quercetin-3-glucoside

30 ± 5.8

0.08

133.2 ± 40.7***

0.18

Reservatrol

17.9 ± 4.9

0.04

46.4 ± 6.7**

0.06

Scopoletin

20.3 ± 4.4

0.05

78 ± 12.4***

0.11

Tangeretin

10.5 ± 5.1

0.03

7.6 ± 4.4

0.01

Taxifolin

73.5 ± 19.9

0.18

329.2 ± 145.3***

0.45

Indoles

Indole-3-acetic acid

21.0 ± 5.2

0.05

31.3 ± 5.4

0.04

Indole-3-pyruvic acid

201.2 ± 51.7

0.50

1028 ± 400.1***

1.41

Lignans

Indole-3-carboxaldehyde

7.2 ± 2.6

0.02

51.6 ± 5.1***

0.07

Pinoresinol

45.6 ± 10.7

0.11

35.1 ± 8.4

0.05

Secoisolariciresinol

257.5 ± 65.1

0.64

199.4 ± 67.5

0.27

Syringaresinol

540 ± 118.2

1.35

1114 ± 280***

1.53

Phenols

Hydroxytyrosol

90.6 ± 23.5

0.23

86.4 ± 31.1

0.12

Phenylacetic acids

Phenylacetic acids

16.2 ± 4.3

0.04

30.3 ± 5.8

0.04

Phenyllactic acids

Phenyllactic acid

20.3 ± 5.1

0.05

3.0 ± 1.8***

0.00

Phenylpyruvic acids

4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid

624 ± 69.6

1.56

882 ± 308.6**

1.21

SUM

39938.8

100

72884.0

100