Growth, physiological, and temperature characteristics in chinese cabbage pakchoi as affected by Cd- stressed conditions and identifying its main controlling factors using PLS model

Table 1 Effect of Cd stress on the anatomical quantity characteristics in Chinese cabbage pakchoi treated with 0, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 µmol/L Cd at four-leaf, six-leaf and eight-leaf stage, respectively. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 5). Different letters on the column represent significant differences in different treatments by LSD comparison at P < 0.05

Growth stage	Cd-treatment (µM)	Leaf thickness (µm)	Upper epidermal thickness (µm)	Lower epidermal thickness (µm)	Palisade mesophyll thickness (P) (µm)	Spongy mesophyll thickness (S) (µm)	P/S
Four- leaf stage	0	302.2a	18.4a	19.1a	87.0c	120.5a	0.73d
	10	260.3b	18.1a	17.6a	91.3c	95.4b	0.98 cd
	20	259.8b	17.7ab	15.1b	111.4b	93.8b	1.22c
	50	246.1b	15.5ab	14.6b	117.0b	93.4b	1.27c
	100	210.9c	15.0b	14.3b	122.0b	70.6c	1.74b
	200	169.4d	14.7b	11.4c	137.0a	56.4c	2.46a
Six- leaf stage	0	275.8a	26.6a	21.1a	100.3c	104.1a	0.99d
	10	274.1a	26.2a	20.6a	103.4c	102.1a	1.02 cd
	20	268.3a	24.5ab	19.3a	112.3bc	98.3ab	1.20bc
	50	253.9ab	24.0ab	16.6b	124.9ab	96.0ab	1.31b
	100	239.3bc	22.6ab	15.7b	127.9a	95.3ab	1.35ab
	200	228.1c	21.6b	12.1c	137.4a	90.4b	1.53a
Eight- leaf stage	0	303.3a	37.5a	29.2a	101.9c	122.7a	0.84e
	10	286.5b	31.5b	27.6a	128.2b	115.9a	1.12de
	20	282.3b	28.8b	19.2b	139.5ab	110.4a	1.27 cd
	50	264.3c	21.1c	17. 5bc	134.0ab	88.0b	1.53bc
	100	256.3c	19.9c	15.7c	143.5ab	77.4bc	1.92ab
	200	203.7d	16.2d	15.5c	146.7a	65.1c	2.29a

ISSN: 1471-2229