Assessment of beneficial fungal microorganism’s bio-efficacy in stimulating morphological and physiological parameters of Allium cepa plants grown in soil amended with fish wastes

Table 1 Effect of AM fungi, Trichoderma sp. inoculations and FW application on different growth traits of onion plants

Treatments	Plant Height (cm)	Root length (cm)	Leaf area (cm²)	Bulb diameter (cm)	Neck diameter (cm/plant)	Leaves number (No/plant)	Total Fresh weight (TFwt)	Total Dry weight (TDwt)
Control	e54 ± 2.47	31.3 ± 1.43d	.84 ± 2.1e54	4.1 ± 0.187d	3.6 ± 0.165ef	6 ± 0.27b	25.84 ± 1.184e	1.9512 ± 0.089d
AM	62.6 ± 2.87bc	39 ± 1.78ab	79.24 ± 3.63b	4.5 ± 0.206 cd	4.3 ± 0.197bc	6 ± 0.26b	32.98 ± 1.511c	2.598 ± 0.119c
FW	57.2 ± 2.62de	34 ± 1.56 cd	60.02 ± 2.75d	4.4 ± 0.202 cd	3.9 ± 0.178de	6 ± 0.28b	27.44 ± 1.257de	2.0663 ± 0.095d
AM + FW	66.6 ± 3.05ab	40 ± 1.83a	83.47 ± 3.8ab	4.6 ± 0.21c	4.5 ± 0.206b	6 ± 0.27b	35.88 ± 1.644b	2.907 ± 0.133b
Trichoderma sp.	57.1 ± 2.62de	34.2 ± 1.57 cd	58.8 ± 2.69de	4.4 ± 0.202 cd	3.4 ± 0.156f	6 ± 0.27b	29.74 ± 1.36d	2.153 ± 0.099d
AM + Trichoderma sp.	63.4 ± 2.91abc	40 ± 1.83a	70.6 ± 3.23c	5.4 ± 0.247b	4.4 ± 0.201bc	6 ± 0.27b	35.27 ± 1.62bc	2.8501 ± 0.131b
Trichoderma sp. + FW	60.1 ± 2.75 cd	36.2 ± 1.65bc	66.3 ± 3.03c	4.7 ± 0.215c	4.1 ± 0.187 cd	6 ± 0.31b	32.57 ± 1.49c	2.5458 ± 0.117c
AM + Trichoderma sp. + FW	67.9 ± 3.11a	42 ± 1.92a	88.5 ± 4.05a	6.4 ± 0.293a	4.9 ± 0.224a	8 ± 0.36a	39.4 ± 1.81a	3.271 ± 0.149a

Values reported are means of 5 replicates with standard deviation. Different letters in each column indicate significant differences among treatments using a one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan’s multiple range test (p < 0.05). Three-way ANOVA results are shown in Table 2*Control: onion plants non-inoculated with AM fungi or Trichoderma sp.; AM: onion plants inoculated with AM fungi; FW: onion roots treated with fish waste; AM + FW: onion roots treated with AM fungi and fish waste; Trichoderma sp.: onion plants inoculated with Trichoderma sp.; AM + Trichoderma sp.: onion plants dually inoculated with AM fungi and Trichoderma sp.; Trichoderma sp. + FW: onion roots treated with Trichoderma sp. and fish waste and AM + Trichoderma sp. + FW: onion roots dually inoculated with AM fungi and Trichoderma sp.with fish waste

ISSN: 1471-2229