Potential of green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles for enhancing seedling emergence, vigor and tolerance indices and DPPH free radical scavenging in two varieties of soybean under salinity stress

Abdalla, Hanan; Adarosy, Marwa H.; Hegazy, Hegazy S.; Abdelhameed, Reda E.

doi:10.1186/s12870-022-03945-7

Table 3 Effect of TiO₂ NPs on germination parameters of soybean (var. 35) under different NaCl concentrations

From: Potential of green synthesized titanium dioxide nanoparticles for enhancing seedling emergence, vigor and tolerance indices and DPPH free radical scavenging in two varieties of soybean under salinity stress

TiO₂ NPs conc	NaCl conc (mM)	Radicle length (cm)	Shoot length (cm)	Seedling height (cm)	Radicle fwt (g)	Shoot fwt (g)	Total fwt (g)
0 ppm	0	8 ± 0.212c	16 ± 0.423a	24 ± 0.635b	0.19 ± 0.005b	0.68 ± 0.017 cd	0.87 ± 0.023c
	25	7 ± 0.179d	14.5 ± 0.383bc	21.5 ± 0.569c	0.18 ± 0.0047bc	0.73 ± 0.019c	0.91 ± 0.024c
	50	5 ± 0.132f	13.7 ± 0.317 cd	18.7 ± 0.494d	0.17 ± 0.0045 cd	0.7 ± 0.018c	0.87 ± 0.023c
	100	5 ± 0.132f	12 ± 0.317e	17 ± 0.449e	0.15 ± 0.0039e	0.64 ± 0.017de	0.79 ± 0.02f
	150	3 ± 0.079i	9.5 ± 0.251f	12.5 ± 0.331f	0.13 ± 0.0034f	0.55 ± 0.015f	0.68 ± 0.017gh
	200	3 ± 0.077i	7 ± 0.185 g	10 ± 0.265 g	0.09 ± 0.0024 g	0.45 ± 0.011 g	0.54 ± 0.014j
30 ppm	0	9 ± 0.238a	17 ± 0.449a	26 ± 0.687a	0.21 ± 0.0056a	0.83 ± 0.022a	1.04 ± 0.027ab
	25	8.5 ± 0.225b	16.6 ± 0.439a	25.1 ± 0.664ab	0.22 ± 0.0058a	0.87 ± 0.023a	1.09 ± 0.029a
	50	8 ± 0.211c	15 ± 0.396b	24.50.648b	0.21 ± 0.0056a	0.78 ± 0.021b	0.99 ± 0.026b
	100	6 ± 0.159e	16.5 ± 0.316a	21 ± 0.555c	0.19 ± 0.005b	0.7 ± 0.019c	0.89 ± 0.023c
	150	4.7 ± 0.124 fg	12.5 ± 0.331e	17.2 ± 0.455e	0.17 ± 0.0045 cd	0.63 ± 0.017de	0.89 ± 0.023c
	200	3.8 ± 0.101 h	9 ± 0.238f	12.8 ± 0.331f	0.12 ± 0.0032f	0.61 ± 0.016e	0.73 ± 0.019 fg
50 ppm	0	7 ± 0.185d	14 ± 0.37bcd	21 ± 0.556c	0.13 ± 0.003f	0.72 ± 0.019c	0.85 ± 0.022e
	25	6.4 ± 0.169e	13 ± 0.344de	19.4 ± 0.513d	0.16 ± 0.004de	0.64 ± 0.017de	0.8 ± 0.021e
	50	6 ± 0.159e	12 ± 0.396e	18 ± 0.476de	0.12 ± 0.003f	0.54 ± 0.014f	0.66 ± 0.017 h
	100	4.5 ± 0.119 g	12 ± 0.317e	16.5 ± 0.436e	0.12 ± 0.0032f	0.5 ± 0.013 fg	0.62 ± 0.016 h
	150	3 ± 0.079i	9.2 ± 0.243f	12.2 ± 0.323f	0.1 ± 0.0026 g	0.45 ± 0.012 g	0.55 ± 0.0145j
	200	2 ± 0.053j	6 ± 0.159 h	8 ± 0.221 h	0.07 ± 0.0018 h	0.37 ± 0.009 h	0.44 ± 0.012 k

Data represent means ± standard errors of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significant difference (p < 0·05), according to a Duncan multiple range test. fwt: fresh weight

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