Fig. 7

Integrated analysis of carotenoid biosynthesis and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathways in willow barks. A Reconstruction of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway [27]. B Reconstruction of the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathway [28]. The gene heatmap refers to the z-score normalization of the FPKM value of the samples, and the color scale from minimum (green) to maximum (red) corresponds with low to high gene expression, respectively. The three samples in order are G (green), P (purple), and R (red) bark. Each sample was analyzed in biological triplicates. Genes are defined as follows: CrtZ, beta-carotene 3-hydroxylase; CrtB, phytoene synthase; AAO3, abscisic aldehyde oxidase; ZDS, ζ-carotene desaturase; PDS, phytoene dehydrogenase; ZEP, zeaxanthin epoxidase; NCED, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase; GGPP, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase; CRD1, magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester [oxidative] cyclase; hemH, ferrochelatase; HO, heme oxygenase; hemC, porphobilinogen deaminase; POR, NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase; hemB, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; DVR, divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase; HCAR, 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase; CHLI, magnesium chelatase subunit chlI; CAO, chlorophyllide a oxygenase; SGR, stay green; PPOX, protoporphyrinogen oxidase; chlH, magnesium chelatase; NOL, chlorophyll(ide) b reductase; CLH2, chlorophyllase 2