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Table 4 Frequency of mycorrhizal colonization (F%), intensity of mycorrhizal colonization (M%), arbuscular frequency (A%) of AM inoculated cotton plant roots reared with (+) or without (−) S. littoralis under different treatments

From: Prospective of mycorrhiza and Beauvaria bassiana silica nanoparticles on Gossypium hirsutum L. plants as biocontrol agent against cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis

Treatments

Mycorrhizal colonization levels (%)

F

M

A

- S. littoralis

0.0b

0.0c

0.0d

- S. littoralis + AM

96.67a

47.07a

26.37a

+S. littoralis

0.0b

0.0c

0.0d

+S. littoralis + AM

90.00a

40.83ab

21.40b

+ S. littoralis + B. bassiana Si NPs

0.0b

0.0c

0.0d

+ S. littoralis + B. bassiana Si NPs + AM

89.00a

37.21b

18.97bc

+S. littoralis + Chlorpyrifos

0.0b

0.0c

0.0d

+S. littoralis + Chlorpyrifos + AM

95.33a

34.37b

15.47c

F

***

***

***

P

0.000

0.000

0.000

  1. Values with different letters within the same column are significantly different at p < 0.05; each value is the mean of 5 replicates. - S. littoralis and + S. littoralis refer to cotton plants non-infested or infested by S. littoralis; respectively. AM, cotton plants inoculated with AM fungi. B. bassiana Si NPs refers to cotton plants treated with B. bassiana Si NPs. F% represents frequency of root colonization, M% represents intensity of mycorrhizal colonization in root tissues and A% represents the level of arbuscular formation in root segments