Fig. 11

Transcript and metabolic profiling of significantly differential metabolites and DEGs through sugar and amino acids metabolic pathways in wheat under cold treatment. A The map of integrative analysis in sugar and amino acids metabolites and their biosynthesis-related key enzymes. Red font: significantly up-regulated differential metabolites or DEGs encoding the corresponding enzyme; green font: significantly down-regulated differential metabolites or DEGs encoding the corresponding enzyme; Blue font: significantly up/down-regulated DEGs encoding the corresponding enzyme; Black font: the enzyme encoding genes and differential metabolites detected but with no significant difference. DEGs and DAMs were investigated using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to map to the possible KEGG pathway maps for the biological interpretation of systemic functions (www.kegg.jp/kegg/kegg1.html). B Heatmap of differential metabolites accumulation in sugar and amino acids biosynthesis pathways. The color bar presented at the top right represents the level of metabolites, where red indicates the metabolites with a higher level, and blue indicates metabolites with a lower level. C Heatmap of DEGs enriched in sugar and amino acids biosynthesis pathways. Gene expression was scaled using normalized FPKM for the mean value of three biological replicates. A color bar was presented at the top right, and the colors from blue to red indicate low to high expression. SPP, sucrose-6-phosphatase; ADC, arginine decarboxylase; rbtK, D-ribulokinase; ansA, L-asparaginase; GOLS, inositol 3-alpha-galactosyltransferase; ahcY, adenosylhomocysteinase; xylB, xylulokinase; HK, hexokinase; pyk, pyruvate kinase; proA, glutamate 5-kinase; SPS, sucrose-phosphate synthase; cysE, serine O-acetyltransferase; GLUL, glutamine synthetase; GLA, alpha-galactosidase; GPI, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; aroK, shikimate kinase; cel, endoglucanase; RFS, raffinose synthase; POP2, 4-aminobutyrate---pyruvate transaminase; cysK, cysteine synthase