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Table 1 Effect of interaction drought stress (DS) × chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) on some biochemical and physiological traits in leaves of S.abrotanoides

From: Chitosan nanoparticles improve physiological and biochemical responses of Salvia abrotanoides (Kar.) under drought stress

DS×CNPs

RWC

EC

Sugar

Chl

CAR

Proline

Phenol

FLAV

Protein

SOD

PPO

GPO

D1 × C1

82.14a

19.91a

12.58h

1.02a

0.053a

10.89f-h

65.50e

0.85a

20.13d

1.71f

5.62h

4.07g

D1 × C2

80.35a

21.69a

12.88gh

1.16a

0.053a

8.81h

79.25d

0.85a

21.99cd

1.78f

5.94h

4.46fg

D1 × C3

79.63a

27.07a

14.95f

1.14a

0.052a

9.38gh

77.60d

1.00a

20.44d

1.76f

6.70gh

4.82e-g

D1 × C4

77.95a

28.09a

14.72fg

1.38a

0.067a

13.64f-h

84.75cd

1.07a

21.64cd

3.73e

6.73gh

5.29d-f

D2 × C1

69.76a

37.18a

22.91d

0.54a

0.025a

14.18e-g

83.82d

0.91a

16.78e

3.80e

7.24fg

5.21d-g

D2 × C2

78.19a

29.73a

25.91c

0.68a

0.032a

11.90f-h

93.67b

1.09a

23.70bc

4.06de

8.26ef

6.04cd

D2 × C3

72.32a

29.92a

36.36a

0.74a

0.034a

29.13a

109.00a

1.40a

29.63a

6.62c

9.80c

6.91bc

D2 × C4

73.99a

28.29a

26.06c

0.88a

0.042a

19.58b-d

105.09a

1.19a

30.66a

9.05a

11.92b

7.04b

D3 × C1

65.61a

46.47a

19.53e

0.54a

0.024a

15.76d-f

84.57cd

0.96a

12.78f

3.79e

8.50de

5.59de

D3 × C2

69.22a

39.45a

23.50d

0.55a

0.027da

18.87c-e

91.80bc

1.26a

23.61bc

4.46d

9.59cd

5.79de

D3 × C3

75.12a

35.93a

33.31b

0.69a

0.030a

24.43ab

95.05b

1.51a

17.93e

8.02b

10.57c

7.57b

D3 × C4

68.05a

30.05a

22.02d

0.73a

0.037a

23.23bc

95.05b

1.49a

25.64b

7.05c

14.69a

9.83a

  1. Values are means ± SD (n = 4). According to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, different letters in the same column indicate significant differences among treatments (P ≤ 0.05). D: Drought stress, D1: 100% FC, D2: 50% FC, D3: 30% FC. C: Chitosan nanoparticles, C1: 0 ppm, C2: 30 ppm, C3: 60 ppm, C4: 90 ppm. Relative water content (RWC) and electrolyte conductivity (EC) (%), total chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid (CAR) and soluble sugar (mg/g FW), proline and protein (μmol/g FW), total phenol and total flavonoid (FLAV) (mg/g FW), superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPO), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) (U mg− 1 protein)