Fig. 4

BSMV-induced silencing of TuRLK1 compromised the resistance of YrU1 to Pst CYR33 in PI428309. a PI428309 plants were infected with BSMV on the second leaf and inoculated with urediniospores of Pst CYR33 on the fourth leaf 21 days after infection. Photographs were taken at 14 dpi. BSMV: TuRLK1: Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced TuRLK1 silencing in PI428309; BSMV: GFP: Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced GFP silencing in PI428309, as control; G1812: G1812, without BSMV infection, as control; CK PI428309: PI428309, without BSMV infection, as control. b The expression of TuRLK1 was examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) before inoculation with Pst CYR33. ACTIN was used as an internal control. Error bars represent ± SD of values obtained from at least three independent biological samples. Statistically significant difference (Student’s t-test): **, P < 0.01. c The morphology of mycelium of Pst CYR33 was observed using WGA staining and histological analysis at 2 dpi, 3 hpi and 5 hpi. Bars are shown in the corresponding picture. SSV: substomatal vesicles; IH: infection hyphae; HMC: haustoria mother cell; H: haustoria. d The numbers of HB, HMC and H of Pst were counted and analyzed at 2 dpi. HB: hyphal branches. e The length of IH was measured in each infected site at 3 dpi. f The extended infection area was measured at 5 dpi. Error bars represent ± SE of values obtained from three independent experiments (n = 50) in (d), (e), (f). Statistically significant difference (Student’s t-test): *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01