Fig. 4

Scheme of the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid and anthocyanin pathways. The enzymes down-regulated by the AZA treatment are shown in blue. Boxplots show the levels of metabolites in control and treated receptacles, with the y-axis representing the normalized area of each compound normalized to internal standard isovitexin and fresh weight in LC–MS analysis. Three biological replicates were used. PAL phenylammonia lyase; 4CL 4-coumaryl-CoA ligase; ANS anthocyanidin synthase; C4H cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; CHI chalcone isomerase; CHS chalcone synthase; DFR dihydroflavonol reductase; F3H flavanone 3-hydroxylase; F3’H flavonoid3’-hydroxylase; GT1 anthocyanin 3-glucosyltransferase; MT malonyl transferase; UF3GT UDP flavonol 3–glucosyltransferase. Significant differences as determined with Student’s t-test (**) p < 0.05