Fig. 5

RT-qPCR analysis of defense-related genes in tomato plants. Total RNA was isolated from the leaves of tomato plants grown in the soil inoculated with T6–4 isolate and S. litura larvae. Four genes were selected and subjected RT-qPCR using gene-specific primers. These genes included (A) proteinase inhibitor (PI-II), (B) allene oxide cyclase (AOC), (C) allene oxide synthase (AOS), and (D) lipoxygenase D (LOXD). Values are means ± SE from three replicates. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences according to the independent t-test between the bacterium-inoculated group and the control group (**P < 0.01). ns, no significant difference