Fig. 1

Detection and analyses of the expression of defense genes and stress response genes in Arabidopsis plants treated with abiotic stresses. A The untreated Arabidopsis Col-0 plants. B, C The leaves of Arabidopsis plants treated with water deficit stress turned slightly yellow and shrunk during days 5–7. D Anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of Arabidopsis plants treated with water deficit stress clearly increased, and the leaves turned severely yellow and withered on day 14. E The measurements of hydrogen peroxide content were performed by spectrophotometry, the results showed that hydrogen peroxide content increased in Col-0 plants after cold stress (4 °C) for 24 h, water deficit for 7 days or salt stress (150 mM) for 3 days. F The transcript levels of related and defense genes in Arabidopsis plants treated with water deficit stress were analyzed by qPCR. G The transcript levels of defense genes, GSTF14, and ACO3 in Arabidopsis plants treated with cold stress were analyzed by qPCR; untreated Col-0 plants served as controls. H The transcript levels of defense genes, GSTF14, and ACO3 in Arabidopsis plants treated with salt stress were analyzed by qPCR; untreated Col-0 plants served as controls. Means identified by different letters are significantly different from each other. Error bars represent SEs from three biological replicates. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s Multiple comparison Test was used for statistical analysis. (P < 0.05)