Fig. 1

Confocal microphotographs showing GFP expression of PHRE1 and PHRE2 transformed into mature leaves of moso bamboo using the carbon nanotube diffusion method (PEI-SWNTs). A, C The GFP expression of PHRE1 and PHRE2 plasmid DNA-PEI-SWNTs trafficking in moso bamboo plant cells, B, D Carbon nanoparticle internalization into mature leaf cells shown by imaging PEI-SWNTs without plasmid DNA (pMDC164, 5’LTR promoter). E, F The GFP expression of PHRE1 and PHRE2 plasmid DNA-PEI-SWNTs (pMDC43 with 35s promoter) trafficking in moso bamboo plant cells. G PEI-SWNTs without plasmid DNA (pMDC43 with 35s promoter). H Carbon nanoparticle internalization into mature leaf cells shows by imaging PEI-SWNTs with plasmid DNA (35s-GFP as positive control). Scale bar represents 100 μm. LTR retrotransposons, long terminal repeat-retrotransposons; PEI-SWNTs, polyethyleneimine single-walled carbon nanotubes