Table 1 Number of pollinators per taxon group, recorded from highly invasive alien Impatiens glandulifera – ‘Ig’, invasive alien I. parviflora – ‘Ip’ and cultivated Fragaria × ananassa – ‘Fa’ in the three study variants: Im (alien species exposed solely), Fr (cultivated species exposed solely) and FrIm (alien and cultivated species exposed together). All insects that had contact with flower anthers or stigmas were considered pollinators
From: Alien balsams, strawberries and their pollinators in a warmer world
Plant species | Species combination | Variant | Pollinator group | N records | Proportion test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fragaria × ananassa | Fa | Fr | Apoidea | 17 | Fa vs Fa/Ip: χ2 = 28.73, p < 0.001 |
Fa / Ip | FrIm | Apoidea | 2 | ||
Fa | Fr | Bombini | 19 | Fa vs Fa/Ip: χ2 = 28.73, p < 0.001 Fa vs Fa/Ig: χ2 = 32.68, p < 0.001 | |
Fa / Ip | FrIm | Bombini | 5 | ||
Fa / Ig | FrIm | Bombini | 2 | ||
Fa | Fr | Syrphidae | 320 | Fa vs Fa/Ip: χ2 = 61.03, p < 0.001 Fa vs Fa/Ig: χ2 = 581.79, p < 0.001 | |
Fa / Ip | FrIm | Syrphidae | 289 | ||
Fa / Ig | FrIm | Syrphidae | 21 | ||
Fa | Fr | Vespoidea | 1 | NS | |
Fa / Ig | FrIm | Vespoidea | 1 | ||
Impatiens glandulifera | Ig | Im | Apoidea | 85 | Ig vs Ig/Fa: χ2 = 93.36, p < 0.001 |
Ig / Fa | FrIm | Apoidea | 35 | ||
Ig | Im | Bombini | 836 | Ig vs Ig/Fa: χ2 = 386.18, p < 0.001 | |
Ig / Fa | FrIm | Bombini | 1035 | ||
Ig | Im | Syrphidae | 1 | NS | |
Ig / Fa | FrIm | Syrphidae | 3 | ||
Ig | Im | Vespoidea | 11 | NS | |
Ig / Fa | FrIm | Vespoidea | 15 | ||
Impatiens parviflora | Ip | Im | Apoidea | 4 | NS |
Ip / Fa | FrIm | Apoidea | 2 | ||
Ip | Im | Syrphidae | 234 | Ip vs Ip/Fa: χ2 = 106.09, p < 0.001 | |
Ip / Fa | FrIm | Syrphidae | 179 |