Fig. 3From: Analyses of the photosynthetic characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure, and transcriptome of apple (Malus domestica) grown under red and blue lightsEffects of different light quality on photosynthetic characteristics of apple seedlings. a Chlorophyll a, b chlorophyll b and c carotenoid content in apple leaves after different light quality treatments. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of apple seedlings under different light conditions, including: d actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII); e the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII under dark adaptation (Fv/Fm); f net photosynthetic rate; g Intercellular CO2 concentration; h Transpiration rate and i Stomatal conductance. Values are means ± SD of three independent biological replicates. The uppercase letter indicates a very significant difference at the 1 % level (P < 0.01), and the lowercase letter indicates a significant difference at the 5 % level (P < 0.05)Back to article page