Fig. 2

Low N and P availability alters relative growth and element profile. a Root fresh weight at harvest (RFW, g; estimated coefficient and associated standard error) of plants grown in Full, LowN, LowP or LowNP. The significance of the treatment effect is shown as *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05, p < 0.1 (Kruskal-Wallis test; p-value adjusted for multiple tests). Lowercase letters indicate significant (p < 0.05) pairwise differences (Dunn test). b-d As A, showing shoot fresh weight (SFW, g), the ratio of RFW/SFW (RS) and specific root depth (SRD cm/g), respectively. e Heat map representation of total ion concentration for 20 named elements (z, concentration standardized within row). The significance of the treatment effect on concentration is shown as *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05. p < 0.1 (ANOVA; p-value adjusted for multiple tests). Lowercase letters indicate significant (p < 0.05) pairwise differences (Tukey)